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The URGENCY Algorithm Predicts Injury Risk From Crash Variables URGENCY Data Would Assist in Identifying Time-critical Injuries
 
  The papers in the following table summarize an extensive body of  research to support the development of an algorithm to predict the risk of serious injury in motor vehicle crashes.  A submission to the NHTSA Docket "Request for Information: Improving Prehospital Care" discusses the development of the URGENCY algorithm and contains 18 references.  These papers and presentations may be accessed by the links to follow:  

Digges K, Submission to: Docket No. NHTSA-2018-0056 Request for Information: Improving Prehospital Trauma Care, July 25, 2018. 18 References to follow:  
1. Malliaris A, Digges K, and DeBlois H, “Relationships Between Crash Casualties and Crash Attributes,” SAE Paper 970393, Society of Automotive Engineers World Congress, Detroit, February 1997.  
2. Digges K, Malliaris A, and Eigan A, “URGENCY Algorithm from Presentation to NHTSA Administrator Martinez,” NHTSA Headquarters, Washington DC, March 27, 1997  
3. Funke D, Bellis E, Donnelly B, Blatt A, McClellan R, Wilson G, “Automated Collision Notification (ACN) Field Operational Test Final Report,” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. DOT HS 809 303, October, 2000.  
4. Augenstein J, Digges K, Ogata S, Perdeck E, and Stratton J, “Development and Validation of the Urgency Algorithm to Predict Compelling Injuries,” Paper Number 352, ” Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Amsterdam June 2001  
5. Digges K., “The URGENCY Algorithm, a Thermometer for Trauma”, Keynote Speech, Proceedings of the Annual VDI Conference, Berlin Germany, September, 2001.  
6. Flanigan MC, Blatt AJ, Miller MA, Pirson HB, Lombardo, LV, Mancuso D, “The Atlas and Database of Air Medical Services (ADAMS): A Timely Safety and Security Link,” 2005. Available at http://www.adamsairmed.org/pubs/ITS_SSC.pdf  
7. Bahouth GT., “Development and Validation of Injury Predicting Algorithms for Automotive Crash Protection,” Doctoral Dissertation, The George Washington University, January 2003.  
8. Champion HR. Augenstein J.S., Blatt A.J., Cushing B., Digges K.H., Hunt R.C., Lombardo L.V., Siegel J.H., “Reducing Highway Deaths and Disabilities with Automatic Wireless Transmission of Serious Injury Probability Ratings from Vehicles in Crashes to EMS,” Paper 03-406, Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Nagoya Japan, May 2003.  
9. Augenstein J, Digges K., Bahouth G. Perdeck E, Stratton J., “Characteristics of Crashes that Increase the Risk of Injury,” 47th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, p. 561-576, September, 2003.  
10. Augenstein J, Digges K, Bahouth G, Perdeck E, Stratton J. Borchers N, and Baur P, “Methodology for the Development and Validation of Injury Predicting Algorithms,” Paper 03 467, Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Nagoya Japan, May 2003.  
11. Champion HR, Augenstein JS, Blatt AJ, Cushing B, Digges KH, Flanigan MC, Hunt RC, Lombardo LV, Siegel JH, “Reducing highway deaths and disabilities by Improving Emergency Care: URGENCY Software, Occult Warnings, and Air Medical Services Database,” Paper 05 0191, Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington DC, May 2005.  
12. Augenstein J, Bahouth G, and Perdeck E, Digges K., “Injury Identification: Priorities for Data Transmitted,” Paper 05-0416, Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington DC, May 2005.  
13. Augenstein J, Perdeck E, Digges K, Bahouth G, Baur P, & Borchers N, “A More Effective Post– Crash Safety Feature to Improve the Medical Outcome of Injured Occupants,” SAE Paper 2006– 01–0675, Society of Automotive Engineers World Congress, Detroit, MI, February 2006.  
14. Augenstein J, Digges K, Perdeck E, Stratton J, and Bahouth G, “Application of ACN Data to Improve Vehicle Safety and Occupant Care,” Paper, 07-0512, Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Lyon France, June 2007.  
15. Rauscher S, Messner G, Baur, P, Augenstein J, Digges K, Perdeck E, Bahouth, B, and Pieske O., “Enhanced Automatic Collision Notification System – Improved Rescue Care Due To Injury Prediction – First Field Experience,” Paper Number: 09-0049, Proceedings of the 21st ESV Conference, Stuttgart Germany, June 2009.  
16. Digges K, “Research in Support of Enhanced Automatic Crash Notification,” 2011 HEM-Net Symposium – Forefront of ACN and Injury Prediction, Tokyo Japan, August 3, 2011.  
17. Augenstein J, “Application of Instant Crash Injury Risk Data to Assist Medical Treatment and Save Lives,” 2011 HEM-Net Symposium – Forefront of ACN and Injury Prediction, Tokyo Japan, August 3, 2011.  

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